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newsdb.5
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1995-08-16
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NEWSDB(5) NEWSDB(5)
NAME
newsdb - USENET network news database: article tree, his-
tory, active, active.times
DESCRIPTION
Each news article is stored in a separate file with one or
more links, each a numeric name in a directory under
uunews: corresponding to a newsgroup the article is
(cross-)posted to. For example, an article posted to
comp.unix.wizards might be stored in
uunews:/comp/unix/wizards/4867.
The file uunews:/active defines the locally-valid news
groups and contains one line per group. Each line con-
sists of four blank-separated fields: newsgroup name,
highest local article number assigned, lowest local arti-
cle number in use (approximately), and a flag. Both arti-
cle-number fields are at least five digits wide. (Some
older news software may expect exactly five digits.) The
current flag values are y (a normal unmoderated group), n
(like y but local postings disallowed), m (a normal moder-
ated group), x (a locally-disabled group, no articles will
be filed here), and = (followed by the real group under
which to file articles in this group; articles are treated
exactly as if their Newsgroups: header specified the real
group instead of the original one; highest and lowest
fields are ignored).
The file uunews:/active.times is an extension of the
active file that records the arrival of new newsgroups by
time and creator. When a new newsgroup is created, the
group name, time of group creation (as seconds since Jan-
uary 1, 1970, 00:00, GMT), and mail address of the creator
are appended as a single line. The file must always be
sorted in increasing order of the creation-time field.
The news software only appends to the file, which normally
suffices to ensure this. An initial active.times for
already existing newsgroups, with all times equal to the
time of its creation and all creators ``unknown'', can be
built using act.to.times (see newsmaint(8CN)).
Active.times provides a quick way for newsreaders to tell
when new groups have arrived, without weird heuristics and
expensive schemes like storing old lists of newsgroups and
comparing them to the active file.
The file uunews:/history contains one line for each arti-
cle received. Each line consists of three tab-separated
fields: a Message-ID:, a complex middle field, and the
list of links to this article. The links are separated by
blanks and are given as pathnames relative to uunews:,
except that all the `/'s except the last one (between the
last component of the newsgroup name and the numeric arti-
cle name) are replaced by `.'s. If an article has been
expired or cancelled without being seen first, the list of
18 Nov 1994 1
NEWSDB(5) NEWSDB(5)
links and the tab before it are omitted.
The middle history field potentially has several subfields
separated by tilde (~). Currently only three are defined:
the arrival date, the expiry date, and an optional article
size in bytes. The arrival date is a time_t (see time(2);
in Unix a time_t is a count of seconds since the GMT
beginning of 1970) expressed as a decimal integer. The
expiry date is another decimal time_t, or the contents of
the Expires: header from the message, or `-' indicating
that there was no explicit expiry date given.
There are also index files to permit rapid history lookup
by message-id, typically called uunews:/history.dir and
uunews:/history.pag.
Also usually present now are overview files, one per news-
group; see newsoverview(5) for more detail on them.
EXAMPLES
A trivial active file.
control 0000600006 600004 y
junk 0000000076 00074 y
comp.org.usrgroup 0000000006 00004 y
talk.bizarre 0000296123 292136 n
comp.sys.sun 0000050175 50173 m
list.sun-spots 0000000076 00076 =comp.sys.sun
comp.os.vms 0000000000 00000 x
A trivial history file.
<3451@hcr.UUCP> 581905588~- comp.text/1317 comp.sources.wanted/4200
<9383@alice.UUCP> 611934511~-
FILES
uunews:/news/group/1234
uunews:/active
uunews:/active.times
uunews:/history
uunews:/history.dir
uunews:/history.pag
SEE ALSO
dbz(1), readnews(1CN), rn(1), dbz(3Z), getabsdate(3),
news(5), newsoverview(5), newssys(5), expire(8CN), new-
shist(8CN), newsmaint(8CN), relaynews(8CN), newsin-
vaders(9.1)
HISTORY
Active.times invented by Mark Moraes and Geoff Collyer as
part of the C News project.
18 Nov 1994 2
NEWSDB(5) NEWSDB(5)
BUGS
Reader implementors are warned that the various files men-
tioned here--the active file, the history file, the arti-
cle tree itself, and the overview files--in general are
not updated perfectly simultaneously. Nor are they neces-
sarily updated in a predictable order.
18 Nov 1994 3